{"id":42792,"date":"2026-03-30T13:50:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T10:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/?p=42792"},"modified":"2026-03-25T19:33:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:33:35","slug":"h-apoikiakotita-tis-pagkosmias-ygeias-tis-laura-meek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/h-apoikiakotita-tis-pagkosmias-ygeias-tis-laura-meek\/","title":{"rendered":"H \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 &#8211; \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Laura Meek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 COVID-19 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/africacdc.org\/news-item\/the-transition-beyond-the-acute-phase-of-covid-19-pandemic-in-africa\/\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1<\/a>, \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 <a href=\"http:\/\/somatosphere.net\/2021\/contested-truth-covid19-africa-introduction.html\/\">\u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2<\/a> \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf. \u039d\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/report-highlights-limited-capacity-tracking-amr-africa\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/a> (AMR)\u2013 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2021\/02\/the-business-of-black-death\">\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>: \u00ab\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u00bb. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.2190\/JY59-DTCM-FBWL-RCG4\">\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1. \u0395\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/B\/bo17031345.html\">\u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<\/a>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01459740.2015.1100612?journalCode=gmea20\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 <a href=\"http:\/\/somatosphere.net\/2021\/contested-truth-covid19-africa-introduction.html\/\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 COVID-19<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520250277\/when-bodies-remember\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 AIDS<\/a> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262533904\/what-do-science-technology-and-innovation-mean-from-africa\/\">\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a> \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u2013\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u2013 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf. \u0397 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520204355\/on-the-postcolony\">\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2<\/a> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/A\/bo10444942.html\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a>, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohioswallow.com\/book\/The+Experiment+Must+Continue\">\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27437825\/\">Helen Tilley \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/a> \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5 (Wahehe) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cdr.lib.unc.edu\/downloads\/df65v7991?locale=en\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a> \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1895-1898, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u00ab\u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u00bb (<em>mpaka kesho<\/em>), \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520065758\/white-plague-black-labor\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/books\/book\/1688\/Improvising-MedicineAn-African-Oncology-Ward-in-an\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2\u00a0\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.medanthrotheory.org\/article\/view\/5525\">\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1<\/a>, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27437825\/\"> \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a>. \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cd\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.somo.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/02\/Examples-of-unethical-trials.pdf\">\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1<\/a> \u2013 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 Pfizer \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/aug\/11\/pfizer-nigeria-meningitis-drug-compensation\">\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1<\/a> \u03b4\u03af\u03c7\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/global-health\/science-and-disease\/ebolas-lost-blood-row-samples-flown-africa-big-pharma-set-cash\/\">\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a> \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0388\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 COVID-19, \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0393\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/4\/4\/racism-row-as-french-doctors-suggest-virus-vaccine-test-in-africa\">\u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/a> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03b6\u03c9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 AIDS. \u0395\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/catalystjournal.org\/index.php\/catalyst\/article\/view\/28800\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (misogynoir)<\/a> \u2013\u03c3\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u2013 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/oa-edit\/10.4324\/9781003330769-17\/truth-known-justin-lee-haruyama?context=ubx&amp;refId=906b05c1-4e28-4965-8bf2-767ebe9ffd6a\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03ca\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\/\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u039f \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae <a href=\"https:\/\/iupress.org\/9780253204684\/the-invention-of-africa\/\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb<\/a> \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/51630\">\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb, \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb, \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb, \u00ab\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u2013\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262535021\/the-mobile-workshop\/\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cd\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c3\u03b5-\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5<\/a>, \u00ab\u03bf\u03b9 &#8220;\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2&#8221; \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u00bb. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u2013\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520055896\/guns-and-rain\">\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9<\/a>\u03bd\u2013 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iupress.org\/9780253222459\/bodies-politics-and-african-healing\/\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/a> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u00ab\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262045605\/epidemic-illusions\/\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"http:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/histories-of-racial-capitalism\/9780231190756\">\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20221124-the-vaccine-hesitancy-in-north-africas-covid-black-hole\">\u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1<\/a>\u00bb: \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/critique-of-black-reason\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/05\/15\/africa\/madagascar-coronavirus-herbal-remedy-who-intl\/index.html\">\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/a> \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2020\/04\/22\/covid-organics-madagascar-launches-africa-s-first-cure-for-virus\/\">\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<\/a> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd COVID-19, \u03b7 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-53484298\">\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/a> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u2013\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u2013 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01622439221119882\">\u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 <\/a>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262533904\/what-do-science-technology-and-innovation-mean-from-africa\/\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf Mavhunga<\/a>, \u00ab\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (<em>longue dur\u00e9e<\/em>). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.castac.org\/2021\/02\/fugitive-science-beer-brewing-experiments-with-pharmaceuticals-in-tanzania\/\"> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03ca\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/nyupress.org\/9781479847662\/fugitive-science\/\">\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/a> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 COVID-19, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/oa-edit\/10.4324\/9781003330769-16\/africa-shadows-laura-meek?context=ubx&amp;refId=fc209fe3-c4fd-4654-ac6c-5a8e327608b4\">\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00bb \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/suspicion\">\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.5749\/j.ctttv7mn\">\u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u00ab<a href=\"http:\/\/somatosphere.net\/2021\/covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-tanzania.html\/\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf)\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd<\/a>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/maq.12753\">\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (AMR) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03a0\u039f\u03a5) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd AMR. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 AMR \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/articles-detail\/global-antimicrobial-resistance-forum-launched-to-help-tackle-common-threat-to-planetary-health\">\u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/a>\u00bb, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)02724-0\/fulltext\">\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/publications\/national-action-plan-antimicrobial-resistance-2017-2022\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u039f\u03a5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd AMR<\/a> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 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\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.4324\/9780429325915-17\/bibi-uchungu-laura-meek\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 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href=\"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/AN.1055\">\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/a> \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2;<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 AMR \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/193736\/9789241509763_eng.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/a>\u00bb, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a0\u039f\u03a5, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 [\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u039d\u03a4] \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/speculative-markets\">\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/a> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/reimagining-social-medicine-from-the-south\">\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691197852\/give-and-take\">\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 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\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.library.columbia.edu\/index.php\/jgh\/article\/view\/4924\">\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>\u00bb, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2023\/05\/after-we-wash-our-hands-what-do-we-do-next\">\u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae<\/a>\u00bb, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sup.org\/books\/title\/?id=3171\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1<\/a>\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c3<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/the-republic-of-therapy\">\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/a>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 COVID-19 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 <a href=\"https:\/\/press.un.org\/en\/2023\/sgsm21809.doc.htm\">\u03b7 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7<\/a>. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4o \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/rowman.com\/ISBN\/9781783488858\/Rethinking-Racial-Capitalism-Questions-of-Reproduction-and-Survival\">\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7<\/a>. \u0391\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae 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href=\"https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2020\/05\/financing-africas-covid-19-response\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/nbcblk\/calls-reparations-are-old-emancipation-will-global-powers-finally-list-rcna9800\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0[\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1] \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/give-a-man-a-fish\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/a> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukeupress.edu\/self-devouring-growth\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb, \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">\u039b\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u039c\u03b9\u03ba,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">5 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2023<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">[\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2023\/06\/the-coloniality-of-global-health\">The coloniality of global health<\/a>&#8221; \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <em>Africa is a Country<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 COVID-19 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1, \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ae\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf. \u039d\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42806,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7583,6009],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-omilia"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42792"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42805,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42792\/revisions\/42805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/salto.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}